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Thoughts On Next-Generation Broadband Wireless Internet Access

This post was triggered by a slow day of significant news about Broadband Wireless Internet Access / WiMAX. So I dug into my archives of "things I should write about" and found mention of these two press releases from BelAir Networks (press release 1, press release 2). That triggered a still-frustrating memory of something a colleague said to me recently to the effect that "Remember, I told you that city Wi-Fi networks wouldn't work".

First, I'll discuss the latter point. Yeah, the EarthLink-funded Metropolitan Wi-Fi networks did fail. I think that was mostly a failure of technology - that the technology employed was nowhere near adequate to the challenge. My main criticism of that technology, and in particular a criticism of Tropos Networks' systems is that using omnidirectional antennas to provide coverage on that scale just wasn't going to work. A close second major criticism of Tropos was that trying to do backhaul "in band" with your access was competing with your users - bad design. So yeah, if the technology simply isnt' up to the business model, you're gonna fail.

But what my colleague... and just about everyone else in the entire wireless and Broadband Wireless Internet Access / WiMAX industry doesn't understand was that "Metropolitan Wi-Fi" was about a lot more than just that particular implementation, business model, etc. Wireless was fundamentally changed as a result, but that change was subtle and almost entirely unnoticed. But the press releases cited above help illustrate the following observations about "Next Generation BWIA":

Metropolitan Wi-Fi systems illustrated a new network architecture - outdoor microcell deployment. Put a "cell site" on a streetlight, for example, and cover an area not much bigger than a city block. This idea was pioneered by Metricom in their Ricochet system and is now being quietly adopted for a number of networks - for power monitoring, Metropolitan Wi-Fi systems, etc.
Lower power wireless subsystems (don't need to "blast" when you're covering smaller areas) means that it's become practical to "self-power" via solar panels and batteries. That lowers the cost of deployment radically.
Mesh backhaul is entirely practical and well-proven now beginning with Metricom Ricochet and proceeding through current-day Metropolitan Wi-Fi systems that use focused, not omnidirectional, antenna systems to assure reliable mesh backhaul.
Spectrum choice isn't limited to cellular, Wi-Fi, or anything at all. One of the most impressive things about BelAir Networks is that their systems built around the idea of interchangeable / multiple radios and antennas, all managed by a central antenna switching system and router / switch. BelAir units have already been deployed to provide cellular coverage, and (deliciously, ironically) providing backhaul to that cellular node via license-exempt spectrum (yeah, it IS that reliable).
The microcell network architecture means that you can reuse spectrum very efficiently, and make good, reliable use of license-exempt spectrum. When you combine it with better antenna technology, the results are amazing. BelAir uses switched panel antennas - that's relatively cheap, practical, and effective. But even better is the phased-array technology developed by Wavion Wireless Networks.
The sum total of all of this is that we haven't seen ANYTHING yet in Broadband Wireless Internet Access / WiMAX / Wi-Fi / Zigbee, etc. Someone is going to get it right and implement BWIA using all of this - multitude of spectrum choices, saturation coverage using microcell network architecture and phased-array antenna systems, opportunistic use of licensed and license-exempt spectrum, and a business model that takes full advantage of all of it. I haven't seen it quite yet (all together), but I'll know it, and write about it, when I do finally see it.

Perhaps more importantly, the future of BWIA certainly doesn't "belong" to wireless telephony technology, including "LTE / 4G"... or Mobile WiMAX... or Wi-Fi... or any one particular technology. We're going to see a confluence, and continued diversity of systems, and continued experimentation, evolution, and revolution in BWIA.

Yes, I'm totally confident that I will see systems (plural!) like what I describe. One thing my more than a decade of writing about BWIA has taught me is that when I notice a confluence of factors like the above, much smarter people than me have noticed them years before and have already been quietly putting money and talent into such an idea behind the scenes.



By Steve Stroh

This article is Copyright © 2008 by Steve Stroh except for specifically-marked excerpts. Excerpts and links are expressly permitted (and encouraged).

This article was written and posted via Broadband Wireless Internet Access (BWIA) ; Sprint Mobile Broadband service using a Sierra Wireless 595U USB modem - 1xEV-DO Rev. A on a MacBook Pro laptop.

FCC - Renewed Hope, cont wimax

4) Tom Evslin made a great point in one of his articles - No More Landlines. It's not that there's no inherent future or utility in Plain Old Telephone Service (POTS). It's just that the wireline (and wireless) telephony carriers have this sense of entitlement after over a century of a guaranteed rate of return and the ability to hold customers hostage. But increasingly, the math doesn't work with more and more people abandoning landlines in favor of wireless telephones, leaving telephony infrastructure idling. The telephony carriers want to continue to be compensated for their "stranded" investments, but the only way to do that is to soak the remaining customers even more, and a vicious cycle was started years ago with the price of landline service rising, and customers saying "at this price, I really don't need this".

The trouble is... the infrastructure that businesses rely on - T-1 lines, are largely paid for out of revenues by the customers that are abandoning landlines. So, the FCC has a hell of a mess on its hands dealing with the inevitable transition to wireline infrastructure that isn't supported by voice revenues.

5) I'll take Evslin's observation one step further to make the same observation that a lot of customers are going to make the same calculation with cable television services... for the same $50/month or so that they're paying for cable, they can "rent" Netflix on-demand movies, rent television episodes from iTunes, watch free downloadable content from YouTube or the networks, etc. The cable companies are going to find their infrastructure investments largely stranded as people abandon video services and voice services in favor of broadband-only. Expect the cable television industry to come crying to the FCC about "customer abandonment" issues right behind the wireline telephony companies.

6) The US Government wants a national, interoperable, two way radio system that will integrate local, state, federal, all manner of public safety agencies. That's easily done:

Buy Nextel - there's the US terrestrial network.
Buy Iridium - there's the US extended-area / worldwide network.
Buy the iDen and Iridium intellectual property (both from Motorola?) and "open source" it for the purpose of incentivizing other vendors to make access devices to US Government requirements.
Sunset all the commercial users.
After the sunset, operate Nextel and Iridium's networks as federally-operated public safety communications systems and very selectively grant access to commercial users that have a good reason to be on them - Red Cross, Salvation Army, tugboat companies, etc. Add an encryption system with a smart card that has to receive an authorizion signal every so often so that stolen / compromised devices are "aged out" of the system. Both systems already have this, but it's probably not that robust and is designed around the requirements of "creating billable events" - the Government's requirements are a bit different.
Invest the money that you would have spend building yet another two-way radio and satellite communications system into hardening, improving the coverage, improving the reliability, growing the user base, etc.
Do the math and the timeline, FCC. There is no conceivable way the nationwide emergency network the US Goverment wants and needs is going to happen "organically", "incentivized", partnerized, etc. If you do it the way currently envisioned, it will take decades, cost tens of $Billions, and at best will be loosely coupled and never in sync between factions because they're sections of the network are being built piecemeal. Over time, migrate it to P25 standards if that's desired... but it's arguable that P25 scales to nationwide, and Nextel's already figured out how to do that with iDen.

Nextel and Iridium aren't broadband-capable, and can't really evolve to be. If you want / need that, pay Clearwire to put up Mobile WiMAX gear in parallel with developing their network, but the government gear is on a government-only band. Or the government could just buy back all the 2.3 GHz licenses.

To be continued.

By Steve Stroh

About BWIA / WiMAX News

Broadband Wireless Internet Access / WiMAX News provides original, independent, unique, in-depth, dedicated perspective on significant developments in the rapidly-evolving Broadband Wireless Internet Access (BWIA) / WiMAX industry.
This site includes content that has been consolidated from previous sites and original content dating back to 1997 when Editor / Analyst Steve Stroh began writing professionally about Broadband Wireless Internet Access (predating "WiMAX" by a minimum of five years
2008 marked the beginning of my second decade of writing professionally about Broadband Wireless Internet Access (BWIA), WiMAX, Wi-Fi, and other wireless-related subjects.
You can read more about me on my bio page.

All of my articles (beginning 2008-01) are listed at
Steve Stroh Articles.

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